The ARPA-H Personalized Regenerative Immunocompetent Nanotechnology Tissue (PRINT) program will use state-of-the-art bioprinting technology and a regenerative medicine approach to 3D-print personalized, on-demand human organs that do not require immunosuppressive drugs.

Funding for awardees varies in amount and is contingent upon the recipient meeting aggressive milestones specific to their project.

Performer teams are led by:  

• Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh aims to create a cost-effective immune-silent bioprinted liver that is ready for first-in-human trials in five years. The team will produce human-sized and functional bioprinted livers, initially for acute liver failure with the long-term goal to address all liver failure. 
• Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, N.C., seeks to produce clinical grade vascularized renal tissue to augment renal function in patients suffering from kidney disease. This tissue therapy will be validated using preclinical trials in parallel with a commercialization plan to make it a cost-efficient solution to the nation’s growing donor organ shortage. 
• Wyss Institute in Boston intends to overcome the current tissue fabrication challenges by engineering universal, clinical-scale liver tissue from adult stem cells. The implantable tissue will continue to develop to benefit patients with liver dysfunction. 
• University of California, San Diego, aims to develop a scalable, patient-specific, bioprinted liver using adult stem cells. This liver will be tailored to an individual's unique anatomy and physiology, without the need for donor tissue or immunosuppressants, ensuring long-term functionality and integration. 
• University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas intends to develop a transplantation-ready liver capable of providing full function in patients with liver failure. This approach involves reconnecting blood vessels to restore blood flow and establishing a bile duct system for fluid transport.